Some major historical perspectives on motivation :
One of the first approaches to employee motivation was Frederick Taylor's scientific management, the application of scientific principles to the management of work and workers. Taylor believed that employees work only for money and that they must be closely supervised. This thinking led to the piece-rate system, under which employees are paid a certain amount for each unit they produce
See: What Is Motivation?
The Hawthorne Studies attempted to determine the effects of the work environment on productivity. Results of these studies indicated that human factors affect productivity more than physical aspects of the workplace do.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that people are motivated by five sets of needs. In ascending order of complexity, these motivators are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. People are motivated by the most basic set of needs that remains unfulfilled. As needs at one level are satisfied, people try to satisfy needs at the next level.
Frederick Herzberg found that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are influenced by two distinct sets of factors. Motivation factors, including recognition and responsibility, affect an employee's degree of satisfaction, but their absence does not necessarily cause dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors, including pay and working conditions, affect an employee's degree of dissatisfaction but do not affect satisfaction.
Theory X is a concept of motivation that assumes that employees dislike work and will function effectively only in a highly controlled environment. Thus, to achieve an organization's goals, managers must coerce, control, and threaten employees. This theory generally is consistent with Taylor's ideas of scientific management. Theory Y is more in keeping with the results of the Hawthorne Studies and the human relations movement. It suggests that employees can be motivated to behave as responsible members of the organization.
Theory Z emphasizes long-term employment, collective decision making, individual responsibility for the outcomes of decisions, informal control, and a holistic concern for employees.
Reinforcement theory is based on the idea that people will repeat behavior that is rewarded and will avoid behavior that is punished.
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Building Customer Relationships
- Identify the major steps in the consumer buying decision process and the sets of factors that may influence this process.
- Distinguish between a marketing information system and marketing research.
- Describe how market measurement and sales forecasting are used.
- Explain how the marketing environment affects strategic market planning.
- Understand the meaning of marketing and the importance of management of customer relationships.
- Contemporary Views on Motivation: Goal-Setting Theory
- Contemporary Views on Motivation:Expectancy Theory (Victor Vroom)
- Contemporary Views on Motivation: Equity Theory
- Historical Perspectives on Motivation:Reinforcement Theory
- The Features of Theory Z
- Historical Perspectives on Motivation: Theory X, Y and Z.
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- What Is Motivation?
- Understand the types, development, and uses of teams.
- Explain several techniques for increasing employee motivation ?
- Describe three contemporary views of motivation: equity theory, expectancy theory, and goal-setting theory.
- Explain what motivation is.
- Describe cultural diversity and understand some of the challenges and opportunities associated with it.
- Discuss performance appraisal techniques and performance feedback.
- Explain the purposes and techniques of employee training and development ?
- Discuss the primary elements of employee compensation and benefits ?
- Describe the processes of recruiting, employee selection, and orientation ?
- Explain the objectives and uses of job analysis ?
Human Resources
- Identify the major steps in the consumer buying decision process and the sets of factors that may influence this process.
- Distinguish between a marketing information system and marketing research.
- Describe how market measurement and sales forecasting are used.
- Explain how the marketing environment affects strategic market planning.
- Contemporary Views on Motivation: Goal-Setting Theory
- Contemporary Views on Motivation:Expectancy Theory (Victor Vroom)
- Contemporary Views on Motivation: Equity Theory
- Historical Perspectives on Motivation:Reinforcement Theory
- The Features of Theory Z
- Historical Perspectives on Motivation: Theory X, Y and Z.
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- What Is Motivation?
- Understand the types, development, and uses of teams.
- Explain several techniques for increasing employee motivation ?
- Describe three contemporary views of motivation: equity theory, expectancy theory, and goal-setting theory.
- Explain what motivation is.
- Describe cultural diversity and understand some of the challenges and opportunities associated with it.
- Identify the steps in human resources planning.
- Describe the major components of human resources management.
- Outline the major legislation affecting human resources management.
- Discuss performance appraisal techniques and performance feedback.
- Explain the purposes and techniques of employee training and development ?
- Discuss the primary elements of employee compensation and benefits ?
- Describe the processes of recruiting, employee selection, and orientation ?
If the answers is incorrect or not given, you can answer the above question in the comment box. If the answers is incorrect or not given, you can answer the above question in the comment box.