The Features of Theory Z

The Features of Theory Z


The best aspects of Japanese and American management theories combine to form the nucleus of Theory Z.

TYPE J FIRMS (Japanese)
- Lifetime Employment
- Collective decision making
- Collective responsibility
- Slow promotion
- Implied control mechanisms
- Non-Specialized career paths
- Holistic concern for employees

TYPE Z FIRMS (Best Choice for American Firms)
- Long-Term Employment
- Collective decision making
- Individual responsibility
- Slow promotion
- Informal control
- Moderately specialized career paths
- Holistic concern for employees

TYPE A FIRMS (American)
- Short Term Employment
- Individual decision making
- Individual responsibility
- Rapid Promotion
- Explicit control mechanisms
- Specialized career paths
- Segmented concern for employees


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